Kele Blog

Advanced Cooling Strategies for Commercial and Industrial Buildings with Kele

Posted on by Kele Inc

With scorching summer temps on the rise, maintaining optimal indoor climate control in commercial and industrial buildings is no longer just about comfort; it’s a critical factor for productivity, equipment longevity, and energy efficiency. Sweltering heat can lead to an increase in heat related illness, costly system breakdowns, and skyrocketing energy bills. The solution to combating these things lie in a smart and thoughtful approach to building automation and HVAC  controls.

This technical guide explores advanced methods for keeping large buildings cool during hot weather—highlighting how Kele’s extensive range of products empowers precise control and significant energy savings.

The Challenges of Commercial & Industrial Cooling

Unlike residential cooling, commercial and industrial environments present unique challenges:

  • Vast Spaces: Large floor plans and high ceilings require evenly distributed cooling that reaches the entire square footage of the space.
  • Occupancy Fluctuations: Dynamic occupancy rates demand flexibility through adaptable systems that are easy to manage and manipulate.
  • Internal Heat Loads: Equipment, lighting, processes and more, generate significant heat, especially in industrial settings or data centers. These spaces have a critical cooling need.
  • Energy Consumption: Cooling can account for a substantial portion of a building’s energy usage. Efficiency is the name of the game here and can be tricky to achieve.
  • Regulatory Compliance: Meeting indoor air quality (IAQ) and energy efficiency standards is crucial. OSHA and ASHRAE have a host of standards and guidelines that must be met and followed.

Kele’s Approach to Optimized Cooling

Kele’s strategy for effective cooling revolves around precise control, access to real-time data, and intelligent automation. By integrating a network of sensors, actuators, valves, and controllers, facility managers, building managers, and more, are able to adjust and control dynamic environments that respond quickly and intelligently to ever evolving conditions.

Key Components and Strategies:

Smart Sensing for Real-Time Data: Accurate, real-time data is the foundation of efficient cooling. Temperature, humidity, and occupancy sensors feed crucial information back to the Building Automation System (BAS), allowing for precise adjustments.

Temperature Sensors & Transmitters are the eyes and ears of any HVAC system. Kele offers a vast array of temperature sensors for various applications (duct, immersion, room, outside air).

Product Recommendation: Consider ACI Averaging Series (for duct applications) or Kele KTR Series Room Sensors (for precise zone control).

High humidity only exacerbates the feeling of heat. Humidity sensors give BA systems the ability to control dehumidification cycles more effectively—improving comfort and preventing mold growth.

Additionally, integrating occupancy sensors guarantees that cooling efforts are not wasted in unoccupied areas. These can be set up to trigger setback temperatures or even shut down HVAC units in empty zones.

Intelligent Air Handling Unit (AHU) Management: The AHU is the heart of many commercial cooling systems which is why optimizing its operation is critical.

Motors in AHUs (such as fans, pumps, etc.) are significant energy consumers. VFDs help adjust motor speed to match demand, rather than operating at full speed constantly. This helps avoid wear and tear and leads to substantial energy savings.

Product Recommendation: Kele stocks a range of VFDs from top manufacturers like Honeywell All-Purpose Variable Frequency Drives and Franklin Control Systems Cerus X-Drive Series. These drives offer advanced features for HVAC applications, including application-specific startup wizards and BACnet/Modbus integration.

Precise control of chilled water flow through coils is also essential for temperature regulation. Modulating control valves (that are driven by actuators) allow the BAS to have excellent control so that it can fine-tune its cooling capacity.

Product Recommendation: Explore Belimo Ball Valves with Modulating Actuators (e.g., LRB24-SR, ARB24-SR) or Honeywell Globe Valves with Electronic Actuators (e.g., ML7425A3013). These unique products allow for granular control of water flow, optimizing heat transfer at the coil.

During cooler outdoor temperatures, economizers use outside air for “free cooling,” which reduces the load on chillers and lets the system rest. Electronically controlled dampers regulate the mix of outside and return air.

Product Recommendation: Kele offers various damper actuators that integrate with BAS to manage airflow precisely.

BA System Integration: The BA system at the end of the day is THE central nervous system and ties all these components together. It collects data, executes control strategies, and provides a holistic view of building performance. So what are some key callouts?

Advanced Controllers: Modern BA system controllers offer powerful processing capabilities, enabling complex control algorithms, scheduling, and trend analysis.

Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs): User-friendly interfaces allow facility managers to monitor systems, adjust setpoints, and troubleshoot issues remotely.

Integration with Other Systems: A robust BA system is able to integrate with lighting, security, and fire safety systems for a truly unified building management approach.

Preventative Maintenance, Management, and Monitoring: Even the best systems require ongoing care. The 3 M’s of HVAC prevent minor issues from escalating into major problems.

Monitoring water and air flow rates, along with system pressures, helps identify inefficiencies or blockages early.

Product Recommendation: Kele offers various pressure transducers and flow meters essential for system diagnostics and performance verification.

Refrigerant leaks are costly and environmentally harmful. Modern leak detectors can quickly identify issues.

Product Recommendation: Kele offers refrigerant leak detectors compatible with various refrigerant types, including newer low-GWP options.

Keeping commercial and industrial buildings cool during increasingly hot summer temps demands a sophisticated, integrated approach. Relying on piecemeal solutions is inefficient and costly. By leveraging advanced building automation components and strategies—from intelligent sensing and VFDs to optimized control valves and comprehensive BAS integration—facility managers, building managers, and others can achieve precise temperature control, drastically reduce energy consumption, and ensure occupant comfort and equipment longevity.

Don’t just react to the heat; proactively manage your building’s climate with help from Kele. Visit Kele.com today to explore our full range of solutions and or call and talk to our experts. Kele’s got you covered!

Improving Data Center Reliability

Posted on by Kele Inc

*Contributed by DwyerOmega

Maintaining Optimal Performance Through Advanced Sensing and Control Solutions

Data centers are the core infrastructure behind our digital world. As they support everything from cloud services and streaming platforms to financial systems and industrial automation, their role has grown more critical and more complex.

Housing the servers, networking equipment, storage systems, and supporting infrastructure needed to store, process, and distribute large volumes of digital information, data centers must deliver reliable performance. In fact, with server racks pushing beyond 240 kW in high-density applications like AI, the need for precise environmental control has never been greater.

Maintaining uptime and efficiency requires more than just computing power. It calls for intelligent facility design, tight control over variables such as airflow, temperature, and humidity, and robust monitoring systems that provide real-time insight into conditions on the floor. From temperature sensors to differential pressure monitors, instrumentation plays a key role in keeping systems running smoothly and securely.

Monitoring Temperature and Humidity for Equipment Reliability

Excess heat and high relative humidity can compromise the performance and longevity of sensitive IT equipment. Studies from major data center operators, including IBM, have shown that poor control of these conditions increases the risk of hardware failure, reduces system efficiency, and contributes to unexpected downtime.

To help maintain optimal operating conditions, DwyerOmega offers robust sensing solutions designed for precise environmental monitoring. The Series RHP Humidity/Temperature Transmitter combines capacitive humidity sensing with accurate temperature measurement, offering ±2.5 % RH accuracy in a compact, configurable design. It’s ideal for monitoring hot and cold aisles, network closets, and other mission-critical zones within the data center.

For room-specific temperature tracking, the Series TE-E/N Wall Mount Temperature Sensor provides a cost-effective and reliable solution. Its low-profile enclosure blends easily into server rooms or control spaces, delivering accurate readings that support automated HVAC response and thermal regulation.

Airflow Monitoring to Support Efficient Cooling

Consistent and balanced airflow is critical to maintaining thermal stability in data centers. Poor air velocity control can lead to hot spots, reduced cooling efficiency, and overworked HVAC systems—compromising both energy usage and equipment health.

The Series AVUL and Series AVLV Air Velocity Transmitters are designed to accurately measure air velocity or volumetric flow within ductwork. These devices provide a reliable linear output that integrates easily with building management systems (BMS) for real-time control and analytics.

For data centers, the AVLV’s high-accuracy, low-range capabilities are particularly well-suited to quality-sensitive environments where precise airflow regulation is essential to cooling performance. By monitoring airflow through supply and return ducts, these transmitters help ensure efficient air distribution, improve energy optimization, and reduce the risk of thermal overload on critical infrastructure.

Differential Pressure Control for Clean and Balanced Airflow

In high-density data centers, even small fluctuations in airflow or static pressure can impact cooling efficiency, energy use, and equipment reliability. Monitoring differential pressure across air handling units, filters, and ductwork is essential for maintaining stable environmental conditions and ensuring clean, well-balanced airflow to server racks.

The Series MSX and Series MSX Pro Magnesense® Differential Pressure Transmitters deliver the high-accuracy pressure measurement required for these critical applications. Built-in square root capability allows the transmitter to convert velocity pressure into airflow or volumetric flow, reducing the need for additional instruments and simplifying BMS integration.

With dual voltage and current outputs, the MSX series supports both real-time system control and alarm notification. In data centers, these transmitters are commonly used to control variable frequency drive (VFD) air handlers and to monitor pressure drop across HVAC filters—ensuring proper airflow delivery while helping to maintain contaminant-free cooling.

Flow Monitoring for Critical Cooling System Uptime

Data centers rely heavily on liquid-based cooling systems to manage the high thermal loads generated by dense server environments. Ensuring consistent coolant flow—and the ability to service components without shutdown—is vital to maintaining uptime and preventing thermal events.

The Series IEF Insertion Electromagnetic Flowmeter is designed specifically for this type of application. Its hot-tap capability allows the sensor to be installed, removed, or replaced without interrupting the operation of chillers or taking the system offline. This enables maintenance teams to make adjustments or conduct replacements without risking server downtime.

For added redundancy, the IEF also offers a unique configuration option that allows three sensors to be installed in the same pipe location. This triple-sensor setup provides a critical layer of failover protection, ensuring continuous monitoring even if one flowmeter requires service—an ideal solution for mission-critical environments like data centers where reliability is non-negotiable.

Looking for even more DwyerOmega products to help you win on and off the job site? Start sourcing here or call Kele today for more help—Kele’s got you covered…with help from DwyerOmega!

Keeping Data Centers Cool: How HVAC Controls Improve Efficiency and Reduce Costs

Posted on by Kele Inc

Contributed by Functional Devices (Matt Long)

Data centers produce enormous amounts of heat. If they get too hot, though, the sensitive equipment housed within can fail, causing downtime, increased operating costs, and potential fires.

Proper airflow management is essential for data centers to ensure the correct temperature and humidity. This post explores how HVAC controls and relays can improve operational efficiency and sustainability in data centers.

Here at Functional Devices, we have extensive experience helping facility managers maximize HVAC efficiency. Our preassembled “Relay In a Box®” is the perfect blend of versatility and functionality, allowing you to optimize and automate your building easily. 

The Challenge of Cooling Data Centers

The average data center can produce 20 MW of heat, or enough to power 16,500 homes. Data center managers must properly cool servers, storage systems, and other components, or else they risk:

  • Increased energy costs
  • System failures
  • Equipment degradation
  • Fires

Just one cooling method isn’t sufficient, so managers use a variety, including air conditioning, liquid cooling, and evaporative cooling. To reduce wasted energy, control operating costs, and ensure optimal equipment performance, managers need all these cooling systems to work as efficiently as possible.

For this post, we’ll stick to HVAC controls. Let’s explore how this system is crucial to data center operational efficiency.

The Role of HVAC Controls and Relays in Data Center Cooling

The HVAC controls in data centers do much more than blow cool air on servers all day. While that’s certainly part of it, these specialized systems house components that work together to maintain the precise environmental conditions necessary for properly operating sensitive equipment.

Components of Data Center HVAC Controls

Here are the parts of HVAC controls needed to control temperature and humidity in a data center:

  • Computer room air conditioners and handlers (CRAC/CRAH) cool computer equipment and achieve various cooling densities.
  • Chillers cool water utilized by CRAH units.
  • Cooling towers help chillers operate efficiently by dissipating heat from the chilled water.
  • Air distribution systems deliver air properly to computer equipment and efficiently remove hot air.
  • Hot aisle/cold aisle containment separates hot and cold airflow, ensuring cold air reaches server intakes and hot air reaches cooling units.
  • Raised floors allow for cables, wires, cooling elements, and proper airflow management.
  • Relays switch power on and off to different HVAC components.

Relays are necessary for any industrial-scale system, whether HVAC, security, or lighting. In data centers specifically, relays are essential in controlling motors, protecting sensitive equipment, and enhancing the building automation system (BAS). Automation allows for more precise and responsive control of temperature and humidity.

Benefits of HVAC Controls in Data Centers

A properly designed and implemented HVAC control system in a data center brings many benefits besides cooling the equipment enough to keep it functioning optimally.

With an efficient and automated HVAC system cooling a data center, managers can rest easy knowing they are protecting their computer equipment and bottom line.

Best Practices for Integrating HVAC Controls into Data Centers

While we won’t get into all the specifics for implementing HVAC controls in a data center, here are some basic best practices to follow when designing or updating this important system:

  • Conduct a comprehensive cooling audit to determine specific needs.
  • Select the right HVAC controls and relays for your data center size and design.
  • Integrate HVAC controls with your building management systems (BMS) for centralized monitoring.
  • Integrate HVAC controls with your BAS for operating efficiency.
  • Perform routine maintenance and calibration.

These are general best practices. To ensure proper integration, consult all the necessary parties, such as electrical engineers, manufacturers, consulting firms, and construction companies.

Keep Your Cool with Functional Devices

HVAC controls and relays are integral parts of data centers, and choosing the correct configurations and devices helps ensure better operating efficiency, sustainability, and reduced costs.

Browse Functional Devices products at Kele. We’ve got you covered—and so does Functional Devices!

Plus, check-out Kele’s data center solutions here.

Powering the Future: Why Renewable Energy Integration is the Next Frontier for Industrial HVAC & BAS

Posted on by Kele Inc

For industrial facility owners and managers, the relentless pursuit of efficiency and cost savings often clashes with the growing demand for environmental responsibility. But what if the solution to both challenges lay in one powerful integration? We’re talking about renewable energy sources becoming the backbone of your industrial HVAC and building automation systems.

Beyond the Grid

Traditional industrial HVAC systems rely heavily on grid power, often generated by fossil fuels. This exposes facilities to fluctuating energy prices, grid vulnerabilities, and an ever-increasing carbon footprint. Renewable energy integration changes this paradigm entirely.

Here’s how these innovative approaches are revolutionizing industrial HVAC and BAS:

  • Geothermal Heat Pumps: Imagine a heating and cooling system that leverages the stable, year-round temperature of the earth a few feet beneath your facility. That’s the power of geothermal. These systems exchange heat with the ground, providing highly efficient heating in winter and cooling in summer. For large industrial complexes with substantial land, geothermal offers an incredibly stable, low-operating-cost solution that significantly reduces reliance on conventional fuels. It’s a long-term investment that pays dividends in energy savings and environmental stewardship.
    • For a geothermal system to operate efficiently, precise control of fluid flow and temperature is paramount. You’ll rely on:
      • Control Valves: Essential for managing water or refrigerant flow through the geothermal loop and into your HVAC system. Kele offers a wide range of industrial-grade ball, butterfly, and globe valves with various actuators to handle the demanding flow requirements of geothermal systems.
      • Temperature Sensors & Transmitters: Crucial for monitoring ground loop temperatures, supply and return water temperatures, and space temperatures. Accurate data ensures your geothermal system is performing optimally.
      • Flow Meters & Switches: To monitor the flow rate of the geothermal fluid, ensuring efficient heat exchange. Kele provides a variety of flow sensors and meters for water and other liquids.
  • Solar-Powered HVAC: The sun is a free and abundant energy source. Integrating solar power into your HVAC strategy can take several forms:
    • Solar PV (Photovoltaic) Systems: Generating electricity directly from solar panels to power your chillers, fans, and pumps. This can significantly offset your electricity consumption, especially during peak daylight hours when cooling loads are often highest.
    • Solar Thermal for Cooling & Heating: Utilizing solar collectors to generate hot water or steam, which can then drive absorption chillers for cooling or directly provide process heat. This approach can be particularly impactful for facilities with significant heating or cooling demands.
    • While Kele doesn’t sell solar panels directly, we provide the vital control and monitoring components that make solar-powered HVAC feasible:
      • Energy Meters: Critical for tracking the energy generated by your solar array and how much your HVAC system is consuming from that source versus the grid.
      • Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs):To efficiently manage the motors in your pumps and fans, allowing them to precisely match demand with available solar power. VFDs reduce energy waste significantly.
      • Relays & Contactors: For switching loads and ensuring safe integration between your solar inverter and HVAC equipment, often controlled by your BAS.
      • Power Monitoring & Protection Devices: To safeguard your valuable solar and HVAC equipment from power surges or fluctuations.
  • Hybrid HVAC Systems: Recognizing that a purely renewable system might not be feasible for every industrial application, hybrid solutions offer a pragmatic bridge. These systems intelligently combine renewable energy sources with traditional HVAC components, optimizing energy use based on real-time conditions and cost considerations. For example, a hybrid system might prioritize geothermal heating when temperatures are moderate, then seamlessly switch to a high-efficiency boiler during extreme cold, always aiming for the most efficient and sustainable operation.
    • The “hybrid” aspect demands sophisticated control and communication:
      • Network & Wireless Components: For seamless communication between different system components, whether they are traditional or renewable.
      • Controllers & Thermostats: Intelligent controllers are vital for decision-making in a hybrid system, determining when to prioritize renewable energy and when to switch to conventional sources for optimal efficiency and comfort.
      • Gas Flow Meters: If your hybrid system includes natural gas boilers or furnaces, precisely metering gas consumption allows you to compare the efficiency and cost of your renewable vs. conventional energy use. This data is invaluable for optimization.
      • Current Switches: Useful for monitoring the operational status and energy draw of specific loads, helping your BAS make informed decisions about load shedding or source switching in a hybrid setup.

 

Building Automation Systems as the Intelligent Orchestrator

The true power of renewable energy integration in industrial settings lies in its seamless connection with advanced BAS. Your BAS isn’t just about controlling temperatures anymore; it becomes the brain that orchestrates the entire energy ecosystem:

    • Real-time Monitoring & Optimization: Your BAS can monitor energy generation from solar panels or geothermal systems, compare it to demand, and dynamically adjust HVAC setpoints and equipment operation for maximum efficiency.
    • Predictive Analytics: AI-driven BAS can learn your facility’s energy patterns, anticipate upcoming loads (based on weather forecasts, production schedules, etc.), and pre-condition spaces using renewable energy when it’s most available or cost-effective.
    • Demand Response Integration: By integrating renewable energy, your facility can more effectively participate in utility demand response programs, reducing strain on the grid and earning incentives by shedding load during peak periods.

 

The Tangible Benefits for Your Bottom Line

The integration of renewable energy into your industrial HVAC and BAS delivers concrete financial advantages:

  • Significant Energy Cost Reductions: Reduce your reliance on volatile utility prices, leading to more predictable and lower operating expenses.
  • Reduced Carbon Footprint: Meet corporate sustainability goals, enhance brand image, and comply with evolving environmental regulations.
  • Increased Energy Independence & Resilience: Less susceptible to grid outages and energy supply disruptions.
  • Potential for Incentives & Rebates: Government and local utility programs often offer significant incentives for adopting renewable energy technologies, improving your ROI.
  • Enhanced Equipment Lifespan: Optimized operation through BAS and reduced stress on traditional components can extend the life of your HVAC equipment.
  • Improved Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ): While not directly tied to energy source, green buildings often lead to better IEQ, which can boost employee comfort, health, and productivity.

 

Ready to Explore Your Renewable Future?

Integrating renewable energy into your industrial HVAC and BAS isn’t just about being “green” – it’s about being smarter, more resilient, and more cost-effective. Kele has the expertise to assess your facility’s unique needs, design tailored renewable energy solutions, and seamlessly integrate them with your existing or new BAS.

Let’s discuss how we can help you unlock the full potential of renewable energy for your industrial operations. Contact us today to take the first step towards a more sustainable and profitable future. Kele’s got you covered!

Kele, Inc. Completes Acquisition of Ponton Industries

Posted on by Kele Inc

Acquisition Expands Kele’s Industrial Automation Portfolio and Geographic Reach

MEMPHIS, TN and YORBA LINDA, CA, May 13, 2025 (Newswire.com) – Kele, Inc. (“Kele”), a portfolio company of The Stephens Group, LLC (“Stephens Group”), is pleased to announce its acquisition of Tom Ponton Industries, Inc. (“Ponton Industries”), an instrumentation sales and consulting firm. The acquisition further expands Kele’s footprint within the instrumentation sales market. Ponton Industries will become an integral part of the industrial offerings of the Kele Companies, which include Lesman Instrument Company (Bensenville, IL), A-Tech Inc. (Tulsa, OK), and AC Controls (Concord, NC). Ponton Industries specializes in providing its customers with complete solutions to their flow, level, temperature, pressure, and process control requirements. The company serves customers through engineering consulting and technical support for process instrumentation selection. The transaction marks Kele’s seventh acquisition in the last seven years.

Kele President and CEO Danny Lyons said, “We are thrilled to welcome Ponton to the Kele Companies. Marty Ponton, President of Ponton Industries, and the Ponton team bring a wealth of experience serving the industrial markets, OEMs, and municipalities across California, and we look forward to leveraging that experience across Kele.”

Mike DeLacluyse, President of Kele Industrial, said, “We have worked with Marty and his team for many years and have great respect for the organization they have built. We are excited to join forces with them and continue expanding along the West Coast.”

“After carefully evaluating our options for a strategic partner to propel our company forward, we firmly believe that Kele’s robust tools and forward-thinking vision align perfectly with our customers’ increasing demands for cutting-edge technology and exceptional service. We are thrilled to unite with Kele Industrial and drive our shared goals to new heights!” said Marty Ponton, President of Ponton Industries.

Grant Jones, Managing Director at Stephens Group, added, “The acquisition of Ponton Industries further strengthens Kele’s position in the industrial automation space. This is a natural fit with Kele’s existing operations and will provide new growth opportunities, particularly in the Western U.S. We are thrilled to support this acquisition as we continue to build a market leader in the industrial automation sector.”

About Kele, Inc. 
Kele, Inc. is a leading distributor of Commercial and Industrial Automation products and controls solutions globally. Kele serves the Commercial and Industrial Automation markets with more than 300 brands and 3+ million parts in stock, including actuators, gauges, relays, sensors, switches, transmitters, valves, and more. Value-added services include custom panel assembly, specialized sourcing, and technical support. Kele is a portfolio company of The Stephens Group, LLC of Little Rock, Ark. To learn more about Kele, visit kele.com.

About Ponton Industries 
Ponton Industries has been providing automation machinery manufacturing solutions since 1972. It specializes in providing its customers with complete solutions throughout all of California and Western Nevada. Its focus is to support customers from product selection to start-up and commissioning. Ponton Industries is committed to its customers with a goal of making it as easy as possible to do business and providing the latest, most reliable and most cost-effective technologies to solve customers’ measurement and control applications.  Learn more about Ponton Industries at pontonind.com.

About The Stephens Group, LLC
The Stephens Group, LLC (https://www.stephensgroup.com) is a private investment firm that partners with talented management teams to help build valuable businesses. Backed by the resources of the Witt Stephens and Elizabeth Campbell families, the firm combines the operational expertise of a private equity firm with the flexibility provided by long-term capital. With over $2 billion of private equity assets under management, the firm has a long history of providing informed, sophisticated expertise and working with owners and managers to help them successfully achieve their strategic visions and build long-term value. Since 2006, The Stephens Group has invested in over 50 companies, targeting investments in industries across the U.S., including industrial products and services, specialty distribution, and vertical software.

 

 

Building the Future: Why Net-Zero is No Longer a Dream

Posted on by Kele Inc

The buzz around “net-zero” buildings isn’t just trendy jargon; it represents a fundamental shift in how we design, construct, and operate our built environment. Imagine a building that produces as much energy as it consumes annually. Sound like science fiction? Think again. Net-zero buildings are becoming a tangible reality, driven by urgent climate concerns, advancements in technology, and a growing understanding that sustainability and economic viability can go hand-in-hand.

What Exactly is a Net-Zero Building?

At its core, a net-zero building achieves a balance between the total amount of energy used by the building and the amount of renewable energy generated on-site or procured from renewable sources over a specific period, typically a year. This can be achieved through a combination of aggressive energy efficiency measures and the integration of renewable energy technologies.

Why the Net-Zero Push?

The urgency behind the net-zero movement is undeniable:

  • Combating Climate Change: Buildings are significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Transitioning to net-zero is crucial for mitigating our environmental impact.
  • Reducing Operating Costs: While the initial investment might be higher, net-zero buildings drastically reduce or even eliminate energy bills, leading to substantial long-term savings.
  • Enhancing Occupant Comfort and Health: Often, net-zero designs prioritize superior insulation, natural lighting, and excellent indoor air quality, creating healthier and more comfortable spaces for occupants.
  • Increasing Property Value: As sustainability becomes more valued, net-zero buildings are likely to command higher market values and attract environmentally conscious tenants.
  • Energy Independence and Security: Generating energy on-site reduces reliance on traditional energy grids and enhances energy security.

Key Strategies for Achieving Net-Zero

Reaching net-zero requires a holistic approach encompassing various design and operational aspects:

  • Energy Efficiency First: Implementing high levels of insulation, energy-efficient windows and doors, and minimizing air leakage significantly reduces the building’s energy demand.
  • Efficient HVAC Systems: Utilizing high-performance HVAC technologies like heat pumps, variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems, and demand-controlled ventilation minimizes energy consumption for heating and cooling.
  • Smart Building Controls: Implementing advanced Building Automation Systems (BAS) to optimize energy use based on occupancy, weather conditions, and other factors is crucial.
  • Renewable Energy Integration: On-site generation through solar photovoltaic (PV) panels is the most common method. Other options include solar thermal systems and geothermal heat pumps.
  • Water Conservation: Reducing water consumption also contributes to overall sustainability and can impact energy used for water heating and pumping.
  • Sustainable Materials: Choosing building materials with low embodied energy and environmental impact further enhances the sustainability of a net-zero building.

Kele Products Paving the Way to Net-Zero

Kele offers a wide range of products that are instrumental in achieving the energy efficiency and control necessary for net-zero buildings. Here are a few product recommendations to help you get there:

  • High-Accuracy Temperature and Humidity Sensors: Precise monitoring of temperature and humidity is essential for optimizing HVAC system performance and ensuring occupant comfort. Kele offers a variety of highly accurate sensors like the ST Series, HW20, HD20, ST-W, and ST-D, which provide reliable data for efficient control strategies. This data allows the BAS to make informed decisions, preventing overheating or overcooling.
  • Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs): VFDs allow for precise control of motor speeds in fans and pumps, matching energy consumption to actual demand.  VFDs available through Kele can significantly reduce energy waste compared to constant-speed motors. By modulating motor speed, these drives ensure that only the necessary amount of energy is used at any given time.
  • Smart Thermostats and Controllers: Intelligent thermostats like the Honeywell T6 Pro Smart Thermostat, and other Honeywell thermostats often found on Kele, learn occupancy patterns and allow for remote control, optimizing comfort and energy savings. Advanced controllers from manufacturers like Johnson Controls, also available through Kele, enable sophisticated zoning and scheduling for HVAC systems. These devices provide granular control over different building zones, ensuring energy is only used where and when needed.
  • Energy Metering Solutions: Accurate energy metering is crucial for tracking consumption, identifying areas for improvement, and verifying net-zero status. Kele offers a range of energy meters like the ACI KW350 that provide detailed energy usage data, allowing building managers to make informed decisions about energy management.
  • CO2 Sensors for Demand-Controlled Ventilation: Monitoring carbon dioxide levels helps determine actual ventilation needs. Kele provides CO2 sensors like the Kele KCO2, KCD, and KNET which enable demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) systems to adjust fresh air intake based on occupancy, saving energy by avoiding unnecessary ventilation.
  • Natural Gas Metering: Another up-and-coming metering and/or low energy initiative is natural gas metering. They are critical for billing accuracy, energy management, and leak detection in building automation systems. Kele stocks Sage meters that will help you do all of the above!

The Future is Net-Zero:

Net-zero buildings are no longer a niche concept but a growing movement shaping the future of the built environment. By prioritizing energy efficiency, embracing smart technologies, and integrating renewable energy, we can create buildings that are not only environmentally responsible but also economically sound and contribute to healthier, more comfortable living and working spaces. The time to build a net-zero future is now.

For more information on how Kele can help you maximize profit while minimizing costs—call us today or visit kele.com. Kele makes it easy!

The Big Chill: Navigating the Refrigerant Phase-Out

Posted on by Kele Inc

The HVAC/R industry is undergoing significant changes, driven by growing environmental concerns surrounding the impact of refrigerants on our planet. The phase-out of high-Global Warming Potential (GWP) refrigerants is no longer a distant threat; it’s become a present reality that demands our time and attention.

Why the Phase-Out? Understanding the Environmental Impact

For decades, refrigerants have been a critical essential for cooling and heating facilities, businesses, and transportation systems. However, many commonly used refrigerants are potent greenhouse gases, with GWPs significantly higher than carbon dioxide (CO₂). And when released into the atmosphere? These gases contribute substantially to climate change.

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, established in 1987, successfully led to the phase-out of ozone-depleting substances like CFCs and HCFCs. Now, the focus has shifted to addressing the climate impact of HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons), many of which were initially adopted as replacements for ozone-depleting substances but have high GWPs.

The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, which took place in 2016 but came into force in 2019, aims to phase down the production and consumption of HFCs globally. Individual countries and regions are also implementing their own regulations to accelerate this transition. For example, in the United States, the AIM (American Innovation and Manufacturing) Act of 2020 mandates a phasedown of HFC production and consumption by 85% over the next 15 years.

The Impact on the HVAC/R Industry

  • Equipment Redesign: Manufacturers are actively developing and deploying equipment designed to operate with lower-GWP alternative refrigerants. This often requires significant engineering changes to ensure safety, efficiency, and compatibility.
  • Technician Training: HVAC/R technicians need to be trained on the safe handling, installation, and servicing of new refrigerants, many of which have different flammability characteristics or require different tools and procedures.
  • Refrigerant Availability and Cost: As high-GWP refrigerants are phased out, their availability will decrease, and their cost is likely to rise. This will impact the economics of servicing older equipment.
  • Retrofitting vs. Replacement: Building owners and operators will face decisions about whether to retrofit existing equipment to use alternative refrigerants (where feasible) or to replace it with new, compliant systems.
  • New Standards and Regulations: The industry must adapt to evolving safety standards, building codes, and transportation regulations related to the handling and use of new refrigerants.

Navigating the Transition: Lower-GWP Alternatives

The industry is transitioning towards several lower-GWP refrigerant options, each with its own characteristics and applications:

  • R-32: A mildly flammable (A2L) refrigerant with a significantly lower GWP than R-410A, primarily being used in residential and light commercial air conditioning.
  • R-454B: Another A2L refrigerant with a very low GWP, emerging as a potential replacement for R-410A in various applications.
  • R-290 (Propane): A natural refrigerant with a very low GWP and excellent thermodynamic properties, primarily used in smaller commercial refrigeration and some heat pump applications. Its higher flammability (A3) requires specific safety precautions.
  • R-744 (Carbon Dioxide): A natural refrigerant with an extremely low GWP, used in commercial refrigeration, industrial applications, and some heat pump systems. It operates at higher pressures, requiring specialized equipment.
  • R-1234yf: A mildly flammable (A2L) refrigerant with a very low GWP, primarily used in automotive air conditioning and some chiller applications.

Supporting the Refrigerant Transition

Kele offers a wide range of products that are essential for navigating the refrigerant phase-out and introduction of working with new, more sustainable options:

  • Refrigerant Leak Detectors: With the increasing use of mildly flammable refrigerants, reliable leak detectors are crucial for safety. Kele offers a variety of refrigerant leak detectors compatible with different refrigerants, including A2L options. These detectors ensure technicians can identify and address leaks safely and efficiently.
  • Pressure and Temperature Sensors: Accurate monitoring of pressure and temperature is vital for the proper operation and maintenance of HVAC/R systems using new refrigerants. Kele stocks a wide array of pressure transducers and temperature sensors compatible with various refrigerant types and pressure ranges.

Looking Ahead & Embracing a More Sustainable Future

The refrigerant phase-out is a necessary step towards a more sustainable future for the HVAC/R industry. While it presents challenges, it also spurs innovation in equipment design, refrigerant chemistry, and service practices. By staying informed, investing in training, and utilizing the right tools and components, the industry can successfully navigate this transition and contribute to a greener planet.

Want to learn more on how Kele can help you tackle this latest industry movement? Call today or visit kele.com—Kele’s got you covered!

Fueling Efficiency and Sustainability: How Kele’s SIP Gas Flow Meters & CS/SCS Current Switches Optimize HVAC & Building Automation

Posted on by Kele Inc

The drive for energy management and sustainability in commercial and industrial HVAC and building automation is no longer a trend – it’s a necessity industry-wide. Facility and building managers are under increasing pressure to reduce energy consumption, minimize environmental impact, and optimize operational costs. While sophisticated control algorithms and advanced equipment play a significant role, the foundation of effective energy management lies in accurate measurement and monitoring.

Today, we’re going to explore how Kele’s SIP Series Natural Gas Flow Meters and CS/SCS Series Current Switches are indispensable tools, providing the critical data and operational support needed to achieve sustainability and energy management goals.

 

Understanding the Energy Landscape in HVAC & Building Automation

Commercial and industrial buildings consume a substantial amount of energy, with HVAC systems often being the largest contributor. Natural gas is a common fuel source for heating, boilers, and other processes within these facilities. Meanwhile, electricity powers motors, pumps, fans, chillers, and various control systems. Optimizing the consumption of both these energy sources is critical within the landscape of sustainability and energy efficiency.

 

Kele’s SIP Series Natural Gas Flow Meters: Precision Fuel Measurement for Efficiency

The SIP Series natural gas flow meters from Kele are designed for accurate and reliable measurement of natural gas consumption. On a technical level, these meters employ various principles to determine flow rate, often utilizing:

  • Thermal Mass Flow Measurement: This technology directly measures the mass flow rate of the gas by sensing the heat transfer to the flowing gas stream. A heated sensor and a reference sensor are exposed to the gas flow. The temperature difference between the sensors is directly proportional to the mass flow rate. This method is advantageous as it is largely independent of gas density, pressure, and temperature variations within reasonable operating ranges, providing a more accurate representation of the energy consumed.

*Provided by Sage Metering, Inc.

 

  • Ultrasonic Flow Measurement: Some SIP series meters utilize ultrasonic technology, transmitting ultrasonic pulses through the gas stream. The time difference between pulses traveling upstream and downstream is proportional to the gas velocity, which can then be used to calculate the volumetric or mass flow rate. This method offers minimal pressure drop and can handle a wide range of flow rates.

 

How SIP Series Meters Contribute to Energy Management & Sustainability:

  • Precise Fuel Consumption Monitoring: By accurately measuring the natural gas used by boilers, furnaces, and other gas-fired equipment, facility managers gain a clear understanding of fuel consumption patterns. This granular data allows for:
    • Baseline Establishment: Establishing a baseline of natural gas usage is the first step towards identifying areas for improvement.
    • Performance Evaluation: The efficiency of gas-fired equipment can be directly evaluated by comparing fuel consumption to output (e.g., BTU/hour per unit of heating).
    • Leak Detection: Unexpected increases in gas consumption can indicate leaks in the system, allowing for prompt repair and the prevention of energy waste and potential safety hazards.
  • Optimizing Combustion Efficiency: Data from SIP Series meters can be integrated with combustion control systems. By monitoring fuel input, these systems can adjust air-to-fuel ratios as needed, ensuring optimal combustion and minimizing wasted fuel. This not only reduces energy consumption but also lowers emissions of pollutants like NOx and CO.
  • Cost Allocation and Billing: For multi-tenant buildings or facilities with distinct operational units, accurate gas flow measurement enables fair and transparent allocation of energy costs. This promotes accountability and incentivizes energy conservation among different users.
  • Integration with Building Management Systems (BMS): The SIP Series meters often provide analog (e.g., 4-20mA) or digital (e.g., Modbus) outputs, allowing seamless integration with BMS or other data acquisition systems. This centralized data collection facilitates comprehensive energy monitoring, reporting, and analysis across the entire facility.
  • Verification of Energy Savings Initiatives: After implementing energy-saving measures related to gas-fired equipment (e.g., boiler upgrades, insulation improvements), SIP Series meters provide the data to verify the actual reduction in fuel consumption and the return on investment.

*In-Situ Calibration Verification—Loosen, Lift, and Look

 

 

Kele’s CS/SCS Series Current Switches: Monitoring Electrical Consumption for Optimization

Kele’s CS and SCS Series current switches are designed to monitor the electrical current flowing through conductors. These devices typically operate on the principle of detecting the magnetic field generated by the current.

  • Non-Intrusive Sensing: Many CS/SCS series switches utilize inductive current sensing, where the switch is placed around the conductor without requiring direct electrical connection. This simplifies installation and avoids disrupting the circuit.
  • Threshold Detection: These switches are often used to detect whether a motor, pump, or other electrical load is running or not. They can be configured to trigger an output (e.g., relay contact) when the current exceeds or falls below a predefined threshold.
  • Analog Output for Proportional Monitoring: Some advanced CS/SCS models offer analog outputs (e.g., 4-20mA) that are proportional to the measured current. This allows for continuous monitoring of electrical consumption.

 

How CS/SCS Series Current Switches Contribute to Energy Management & Sustainability

  • Monitoring Equipment Runtime & Load: By detecting the on/off status of motors, pumps, and fans, CS/SCS switches provide valuable insights into equipment runtime. This data can be used to:
    • Identify Inefficient Operation: Equipment running unnecessarily consumes energy. Monitoring runtime can highlight opportunities for optimizing schedules and implementing demand-based control.
    • Detect Equipment Issues: Abnormally high or low current draw can indicate malfunctions in equipment, such as motor inefficiencies, pump cavitation, or clogged filters. Addressing these issues quickly improves efficiency and prevents equipment failure.
  • Verifying Equipment Operation and Control Strategies: Current switches can be used to verify that control strategies are functioning as intended. For example, confirming that a pump is indeed shutting off when a certain temperature is reached.
  • Load Shedding and Demand Management: In facilities with peak demand charges, CS/SCS switches can be integrated into load-shedding systems. By monitoring the current draw of various loads, the system can selectively shed non-critical loads during peak periods to reduce overall energy consumption and costs.
  • Energy Consumption Profiling: When equipped with analog outputs, CS/SCS switches allow for the creation of detailed electrical consumption profiles for individual pieces of equipment or entire systems. This data is crucial for:
    • Pinpointing equipment with disproportionately high energy consumption.
    • Ensuring that motors and other equipment are appropriately sized for their loads. (Oversized equipment often operates inefficiently.)
  • Integration with BMS for Comprehensive Energy Monitoring: Similar to gas flow meters, CS/SCS switches can be integrated with BMS to provide a holistic view of energy consumption across the facility.

 

Combining SIP Series and CS/SCS Series

The true power of these Kele products lies in their combined application. By simultaneously monitoring both fuel (natural gas) and electricity consumption, facility and building managers gain a comprehensive understanding of the energy balance within their HVAC and building automation systems. This allows for:

  • Comparing the energy input (natural gas) to the energy output (heating/cooling) while also accounting for electrical consumption of auxiliary equipment (pumps, fans, etc.) provides a true reading of system efficiency.
  • In systems utilizing both gas and electricity, the data from these devices allows for fine-tuning the operation of different components to minimize overall energy costs, potentially shifting loads to the more cost-effective energy source at different times.
  • Reliable data from both gas and electricity metering enables the development of accurate EPIs, which are crucial for tracking progress towards sustainability goals and benchmarking against industry standards.

Kele’s SIP Series Natural Gas Flow Meters and CS/SCS Series Current Switches are more than just measurement devices; they are critical enablers of energy management and sustainability in commercial and industrial HVAC and building automation. By providing accurate and specific data on fuel and electricity consumption, these products empower engineers and facility managers to optimize system performance, reduce energy waste, lower operating costs, and minimize environmental impact. Investing in these technologies is a fundamental step towards building a more sustainable and efficient future for our built environment.

Looking to get started on integrating both products into your next job? Browse products below or call The Kele Team for help—Kele’s got you covered!

SIP Series Natural Gas Flow Meters

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CS/SCS Series Current Switches

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The Symbiotic Relationship: How the Internet of Things Supercharges Data Centers

Posted on by Kele Inc

Data centers, the backbone of our digital world, are facing an ever-increasing demand for processing power, storage, and connectivity. Simultaneously, the Internet of Things (IoT) is generating an explosion of data from billions of connected devices. This relationship creates a fascinating and crucial partnership where IoT technologies are not just consumers of data center resources but also powerful tools that help keep things operational.

 

IoT as a Data Center Workload Driver

At its core, IoT is a massive data generator. Sensors embedded in industrial equipment, smart building systems, automation systems, healthcare devices, and countless other applications constantly transmit data. From environmental factors to operational status, they’re recording, sending, and storing it all. This data, ranging from simple temperature readings to complex vibration analyses, needs to be taken in, processed, analyzed, and then stored—all tasks that fall squarely within a data center’s domain.

  • High-Volume Data Ingestion: Data from numerous IoT devices often arrives in streams, requiring robust and scalable pipelines to help funnel it all. Technologies like messaging queues and event hubs are crucial for handling this data highway throughput and ensuring that nothing gets lost.
  • Real-time Processing: Many IoT applications demand real-time insights. For example, anomaly detection in industrial machinery requires immediate processing of sensor data. This necessitates low-latency processing frameworks like stream processing engines and edge computing to handle some processing closer to the data source.
  • Massive Data Storage: The sheer volume of IoT data requires scalable and cost-effective storage solutions. Data lakes built on distributed file systems like Hadoop or object storage like Amazon S3 are commonly used to store this diverse and often unstructured data.
  • Advanced Analytics and Machine Learning: Extracting value(s) from IoT data requires sophisticated analytics. Machine learning algorithms are employed for tasks like predictive maintenance, anomaly detection, pattern recognition, and optimal operational parameters. This often involves leveraging frameworks like TensorFlow, PyTorch, and specialized analytics platforms within the data center.

 

IoT as a Data Center Optimization Tool

Beyond being a major workload, IoT technologies are also instrumental in making data centers more efficient, reliable, and secure. By deploying sensors, smart devices, and more within a data center’s infrastructure, operators can gain visibility and control at high levels.

  • Environmental Monitoring: IoT sensors are strategically placed throughout a data center to monitor critical environmental parameters like temperature, humidity, airflow, and power consumption at a granular level. This data allows for precise cooling adjustments, identification of hotspots, and optimization of airflow management, directly impacting energy efficiency.
    • Technical Implementation Tip: Temperature and humidity sensors often utilize thermistors, thermocouples, or capacitive sensing elements. Airflow sensors can employ anemometers or differential pressure transducers. This data is typically transmitted via protocols like Modbus, BACnet, or proprietary IoT protocols to a central monitoring system.
  • Power Management: Smart power strips, intelligent PDUs (Power Distribution Units), and circuit monitoring devices equipped with sensors provide real-time data on energy usage at the rack and even individual device level. This enables data center operators to identify energy hogs, optimize power distribution, and implement strategies like dynamic power capping.
    • Technical Implementation Tip: Current transformers (CT clamps) and voltage sensors are used to measure power consumption. This data is often communicated using protocols like SNMP or Modbus to a Building Management System (BMS) or Data Center Infrastructure Management (DCIM) platform.
  • Security and Access Control: IoT-enabled security cameras, smart locks, biometric scanners, and environmental sensors can enhance the physical security of a data center. Real-time monitoring and alerts can be triggered by unauthorized access, unusual environmental conditions, or security breaches.
    • Technical Implementation Tip: IP cameras utilize video encoding and network transmission protocols. Access control systems often employ RFID or NFC technology. Sensor data is integrated into security management systems for centralized monitoring and response.
  • Asset Tracking and Management: RFID tags and Bluetooth beacons attached to servers, storage devices, and other equipment allow for real-time tracking of their location within the data center. This simplifies inventory management, reduces the time needed for maintenance, and helps prevent theft.
    • Technical Implementation Tip: RFID readers emit radio waves to identify tags. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons periodically broadcast signals. Location data is processed by asset management software.
  • Predictive Maintenance for Infrastructure: Sensors can be deployed on critical data center equipment like cooling units (CRACs/CHILLERs), UPS systems, and generators to monitor parameters like vibration, temperature, and fluid levels. Analyzing this data using machine learning algorithms can predict potential failures, allowing for proactive maintenance and minimizing downtime.
    • Technical Implementation Tip: Vibration sensors often utilize piezoelectric accelerometers. Temperature sensors can be RTDs or thermocouples. Fluid level sensors can employ ultrasonic or capacitive sensing. Data is analyzed using specialized predictive maintenance platforms.

 

Challenges and Considerations with Data Centers

While the benefits of integrating IoT with data centers are significant, several challenges need to be addressed:

  • Data Security and Privacy: Handling vast amounts of sensitive data from both external IoT devices and internal data center infrastructure requires robust security measures, including encryption, access control, and threat detection.
  • Scalability and Management: Managing a variety of diverse IoT devices and the associated data streams can be complex. Efficient device management platforms and standardized communication protocols are crucial.
  • Interoperability: Ensuring seamless communication and data exchanges between different IoT devices and data center systems can be challenging due to varying protocols and data formats.
  • Network Infrastructure: The high bandwidth and low latency requirements of many IoT applications necessitate a robust and reliable network infrastructure within and around the data center.
  • Data Analytics Expertise: Extracting meaningful insights from IoT data requires specialized skills in data science and machine learning and domain expertise in data center operations.

 The relationship between IoT and data centers is a powerful and evolving one. IoT is not just a consumer of data center resources, driving demand for more capacity and processing power. It’s also a valuable tool for optimizing data center operations and enhancing efficiency, reliability, and security.

As IoT deployments continue to grow, this symbiotic relationship with data centers will only become more critical, shaping the future of both industries and the digital world we rely upon. By understanding the technical underpinnings and addressing the associated challenges, engineers and operators can leverage this synergy to build smarter, more sustainable, and more resilient data center infrastructure.

Looking to get started with your data center project? Check out our new data center offerings here and explore our brand-new interactive model. Let us help you do the heavy lifting on your next project—Kele’s got you covered!

 

How to Choose the Right Relay for Building Automation

Posted on by Kele Inc

*Contributed by Noah Smith, Functional Devices

 

Behind the scenes of the buildings where we live and work are systems quietly humming away. In large-scale or industrial applications, you want these systems to run on autopilot (like lighting, HVAC, and security). That’s where a building automation system (BAS) comes in.

A BAS streamlines the management of commercial buildings, including upgraded efficiency, better occupant comfort, lower energy costs, improved security, and more.

Functional Devices offers a range of building automation products, including relays designed for a range of applications.

Understanding the Role of Building Automation Relays

A relay is an electrically powered switch carrying, or relaying, electrical currents to other relays or components to switch them on or off. They can also amplify the strength of small electrical currents.

Many different systems work together in a BAS, meaning a lot of electricity needs safe management. Relays protect the electrical system, controlling and isolating low-voltage systems from high-voltage systems. With a relay, the twain shall never meet.

Not only do relays safeguard electrical components, but they also improve the reliability and longevity of a building’s systems, allow for a higher load capacity, and can be remotely operated.

Key Factors to Consider When Choosing a Relay

Although the idea of a “master switch” sounds simple enough, picking the right relay is more nuanced. Here are the top considerations to keep in mind when researching your options.

Load Requirements

Adaptability is the backbone of our success, allowing us to navigate challenges with agility and turn them into opportunities. Whether it’s responding to market shifts or adjusting to an increase in production, our team thrives in environments where change is constant. As one of our employees put it, “We don’t see obstacles as roadblocks; we see them as chances to innovate and improve.” This mindset has not only helped us grow but also ensured that we remain a leader in the ever-evolving building automation industry. An electric load is a device that consumes electrical energy to operate. The BAS’s load requirements, how much electricity it needs to run, and the types of loads will determine what kind of relay you choose.

There are three types of loads:

  • Resistive. The electrical current and voltage are in phase, meaning the current is constant from switch on to switch off (e.g., incandescent lights, heating elements).
  • Capacitive. The current and voltage are out of phase, with the current leading the voltage, meaning there’s a large inrush current at the switch-on (e.g., devices with a capacitor, such as computers and TVs, capacitive load banks, long transmission or cable lines).
  • Inductive. The current and voltage are out of phase, with the current lagging behind the voltage, meaning there’s a voltage spike at switch-off (e.g., electric motors, common household devices, transformers, solenoids, electromagnets).

For example, if you choose a relay only rated for resistive loads and try to use it for inductive loads, the voltage spike at sthe witch-off will likely damage or destroy the relay and any accompanying control devices.

If you’re working with capacitive or inductive loads, choosing an oversized relay is essential to manage the switch-on inrush current or switch-off voltage spike.

Contact Configuration

A relay contact is where the magic happens—electrically conductive pieces of metal touch to complete a circuit and allow the flow of electricity. Relays can have different contact forms suitable for different applications. The pole refers to the number of circuits the switch controls, and the throw refers to the number of positions that complete the circuit.

  • Single Pole Single Throw (SPST). Completes one circuit in one “on” position.
  • Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT). Completes one circuit in two “up” and “down” positions.
  • Double Pole Single Throw (DPST). Completes two circuits in one “on” position.
  • Double Pole Double Throw (DPDT). Completes two circuits in two “up” and “down” positions.

Relay contact types may also be designated with a NO (normally open) or NC (normally closed). Building automation tasks need specific configurations of contact forms; therefore, take note of the type.

Voltage

Common control voltages in building automation include 120 VAC (Volts Alternating Current), 24 VAC, and 24 VDC. The voltage rating of a relay must be equal to or greater than the voltage driving the load. For example, don’t use a relay rated as 12 VAC to operate a 24 VAC air conditioner.

Additionally, pay attention to the:

  • Rated coil voltage. Operating a relay as close to this number as possible is safest.
  •  Maximum switching voltage. The voltage going across the contacts shouldn’t surpass this number even if the relay is closed.

Switching Speed and Frequency

Components of your BAS will require varying switching speeds and frequencies, so your relay must accommodate these requirements. Some systems, like HVAC and electrical control panels, need to switch quickly. Others, like automated test equipment systems, must switch often. Still others, like medical equipment, do both. Some systems, like HVAC, lighting, and safety, also need slow or time-delay switching.

Choose the relay accordingly, like those constructed for specialized high-switching applications or with built-in time delays.

Environmental Conditions

Don’t forget to consider your industry and where you’ll be installing your relay. Temperature, humidity, corrosive substances, and ambient vibration can affect relay performance. Therefore, install relays in an appropriate location and protect it with an enclosure.

Speaking of location, installation space constraints will help you determine the mounting type and size of the relay. Don’t select a relay that won’t fit in your available space. Also, consider the heat a relay will give off and its surrounding area. A larger relay may give off more heat.

To ensure your relay is up to the task of contending with your building’s environment, check its Ingress Protection (IP) rating. This rating measures how effectively an enclosure protects electrical components from solids and liquids that could damage the equipment or create a safety issue.

IP ratings consist of two numbers: the first, between zero and six, indicates protection from solids (e.g., dust), and the second, from zero to nine, defines protection from moisture. Higher numbers indicate better protection. For example, IP69 offers the best protection from water, dust, or debris.

Building Automation Relays Innovated: RIB Relays

Relays make a BAS run more smoothly, safely, and efficiently. When researching, select the appropriate relay depending on the load requirements, contact configurations and voltages, switching speed and frequency, and environmental conditions.

Have questions or need help? No problem—Kele’s got you covered! Chat with us live on kele.com or call us today. Our technical experts are ready to answer your questions and offer solutions.

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