Kele Blog

The Big Chill: Navigating the Refrigerant Phase-Out

Posted on by Kele Inc

The HVAC/R industry is undergoing significant changes, driven by growing environmental concerns surrounding the impact of refrigerants on our planet. The phase-out of high-Global Warming Potential (GWP) refrigerants is no longer a distant threat; it’s become a present reality that demands our time and attention.

Why the Phase-Out? Understanding the Environmental Impact

For decades, refrigerants have been a critical essential for cooling and heating facilities, businesses, and transportation systems. However, many commonly used refrigerants are potent greenhouse gases, with GWPs significantly higher than carbon dioxide (CO₂). And when released into the atmosphere? These gases contribute substantially to climate change.

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, established in 1987, successfully led to the phase-out of ozone-depleting substances like CFCs and HCFCs. Now, the focus has shifted to addressing the climate impact of HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons), many of which were initially adopted as replacements for ozone-depleting substances but have high GWPs.

The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, which took place in 2016 but came into force in 2019, aims to phase down the production and consumption of HFCs globally. Individual countries and regions are also implementing their own regulations to accelerate this transition. For example, in the United States, the AIM (American Innovation and Manufacturing) Act of 2020 mandates a phasedown of HFC production and consumption by 85% over the next 15 years.

The Impact on the HVAC/R Industry

  • Equipment Redesign: Manufacturers are actively developing and deploying equipment designed to operate with lower-GWP alternative refrigerants. This often requires significant engineering changes to ensure safety, efficiency, and compatibility.
  • Technician Training: HVAC/R technicians need to be trained on the safe handling, installation, and servicing of new refrigerants, many of which have different flammability characteristics or require different tools and procedures.
  • Refrigerant Availability and Cost: As high-GWP refrigerants are phased out, their availability will decrease, and their cost is likely to rise. This will impact the economics of servicing older equipment.
  • Retrofitting vs. Replacement: Building owners and operators will face decisions about whether to retrofit existing equipment to use alternative refrigerants (where feasible) or to replace it with new, compliant systems.
  • New Standards and Regulations: The industry must adapt to evolving safety standards, building codes, and transportation regulations related to the handling and use of new refrigerants.

Navigating the Transition: Lower-GWP Alternatives

The industry is transitioning towards several lower-GWP refrigerant options, each with its own characteristics and applications:

  • R-32: A mildly flammable (A2L) refrigerant with a significantly lower GWP than R-410A, primarily being used in residential and light commercial air conditioning.
  • R-454B: Another A2L refrigerant with a very low GWP, emerging as a potential replacement for R-410A in various applications.
  • R-290 (Propane): A natural refrigerant with a very low GWP and excellent thermodynamic properties, primarily used in smaller commercial refrigeration and some heat pump applications. Its higher flammability (A3) requires specific safety precautions.
  • R-744 (Carbon Dioxide): A natural refrigerant with an extremely low GWP, used in commercial refrigeration, industrial applications, and some heat pump systems. It operates at higher pressures, requiring specialized equipment.
  • R-1234yf: A mildly flammable (A2L) refrigerant with a very low GWP, primarily used in automotive air conditioning and some chiller applications.

Supporting the Refrigerant Transition

Kele offers a wide range of products that are essential for navigating the refrigerant phase-out and introduction of working with new, more sustainable options:

  • Refrigerant Leak Detectors: With the increasing use of mildly flammable refrigerants, reliable leak detectors are crucial for safety. Kele offers a variety of refrigerant leak detectors compatible with different refrigerants, including A2L options. These detectors ensure technicians can identify and address leaks safely and efficiently.
  • Pressure and Temperature Sensors: Accurate monitoring of pressure and temperature is vital for the proper operation and maintenance of HVAC/R systems using new refrigerants. Kele stocks a wide array of pressure transducers and temperature sensors compatible with various refrigerant types and pressure ranges.

Looking Ahead & Embracing a More Sustainable Future

The refrigerant phase-out is a necessary step towards a more sustainable future for the HVAC/R industry. While it presents challenges, it also spurs innovation in equipment design, refrigerant chemistry, and service practices. By staying informed, investing in training, and utilizing the right tools and components, the industry can successfully navigate this transition and contribute to a greener planet.

Want to learn more on how Kele can help you tackle this latest industry movement? Call today or visit kele.com—Kele’s got you covered!

Building the Future: Why Net-Zero is No Longer a Dream

Posted on by Kele Inc

The buzz around “net-zero” buildings isn’t just trendy jargon; it represents a fundamental shift in how we design, construct, and operate our built environment. Imagine a building that produces as much energy as it consumes annually. Sound like science fiction? Think again. Net-zero buildings are becoming a tangible reality, driven by urgent climate concerns, advancements in technology, and a growing understanding that sustainability and economic viability can go hand-in-hand.

What Exactly is a Net-Zero Building?

At its core, a net-zero building achieves a balance between the total amount of energy used by the building and the amount of renewable energy generated on-site or procured from renewable sources over a specific period, typically a year. This can be achieved through a combination of aggressive energy efficiency measures and the integration of renewable energy technologies.

Why the Net-Zero Push?

The urgency behind the net-zero movement is undeniable:

  • Combating Climate Change: Buildings are significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Transitioning to net-zero is crucial for mitigating our environmental impact.
  • Reducing Operating Costs: While the initial investment might be higher, net-zero buildings drastically reduce or even eliminate energy bills, leading to substantial long-term savings.
  • Enhancing Occupant Comfort and Health: Often, net-zero designs prioritize superior insulation, natural lighting, and excellent indoor air quality, creating healthier and more comfortable spaces for occupants.
  • Increasing Property Value: As sustainability becomes more valued, net-zero buildings are likely to command higher market values and attract environmentally conscious tenants.
  • Energy Independence and Security: Generating energy on-site reduces reliance on traditional energy grids and enhances energy security.

Key Strategies for Achieving Net-Zero

Reaching net-zero requires a holistic approach encompassing various design and operational aspects:

  • Energy Efficiency First: Implementing high levels of insulation, energy-efficient windows and doors, and minimizing air leakage significantly reduces the building’s energy demand.
  • Efficient HVAC Systems: Utilizing high-performance HVAC technologies like heat pumps, variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems, and demand-controlled ventilation minimizes energy consumption for heating and cooling.
  • Smart Building Controls: Implementing advanced Building Automation Systems (BAS) to optimize energy use based on occupancy, weather conditions, and other factors is crucial.
  • Renewable Energy Integration: On-site generation through solar photovoltaic (PV) panels is the most common method. Other options include solar thermal systems and geothermal heat pumps.
  • Water Conservation: Reducing water consumption also contributes to overall sustainability and can impact energy used for water heating and pumping.
  • Sustainable Materials: Choosing building materials with low embodied energy and environmental impact further enhances the sustainability of a net-zero building.

Kele Products Paving the Way to Net-Zero

Kele offers a wide range of products that are instrumental in achieving the energy efficiency and control necessary for net-zero buildings. Here are a few product recommendations to help you get there:

  • High-Accuracy Temperature and Humidity Sensors: Precise monitoring of temperature and humidity is essential for optimizing HVAC system performance and ensuring occupant comfort. Kele offers a variety of highly accurate sensors like the ST Series, HW20, HD20, ST-W, and ST-D, which provide reliable data for efficient control strategies. This data allows the BAS to make informed decisions, preventing overheating or overcooling.
  • Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs): VFDs allow for precise control of motor speeds in fans and pumps, matching energy consumption to actual demand.  VFDs available through Kele can significantly reduce energy waste compared to constant-speed motors. By modulating motor speed, these drives ensure that only the necessary amount of energy is used at any given time.
  • Smart Thermostats and Controllers: Intelligent thermostats like the Honeywell T6 Pro Smart Thermostat, and other Honeywell thermostats often found on Kele, learn occupancy patterns and allow for remote control, optimizing comfort and energy savings. Advanced controllers from manufacturers like Johnson Controls, also available through Kele, enable sophisticated zoning and scheduling for HVAC systems. These devices provide granular control over different building zones, ensuring energy is only used where and when needed.
  • Energy Metering Solutions: Accurate energy metering is crucial for tracking consumption, identifying areas for improvement, and verifying net-zero status. Kele offers a range of energy meters like the ACI KW350 that provide detailed energy usage data, allowing building managers to make informed decisions about energy management.
  • CO2 Sensors for Demand-Controlled Ventilation: Monitoring carbon dioxide levels helps determine actual ventilation needs. Kele provides CO2 sensors like the Kele KCO2, KCD, and KNET which enable demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) systems to adjust fresh air intake based on occupancy, saving energy by avoiding unnecessary ventilation.
  • Natural Gas Metering: Another up-and-coming metering and/or low energy initiative is natural gas metering. They are critical for billing accuracy, energy management, and leak detection in building automation systems. Kele stocks Sage meters that will help you do all of the above!

The Future is Net-Zero:

Net-zero buildings are no longer a niche concept but a growing movement shaping the future of the built environment. By prioritizing energy efficiency, embracing smart technologies, and integrating renewable energy, we can create buildings that are not only environmentally responsible but also economically sound and contribute to healthier, more comfortable living and working spaces. The time to build a net-zero future is now.

For more information on how Kele can help you maximize profit while minimizing costs—call us today or visit kele.com. Kele makes it easy!

Fueling Efficiency and Sustainability: How Kele’s SIP Gas Flow Meters & CS/SCS Current Switches Optimize HVAC & Building Automation

Posted on by Kele Inc

The drive for energy management and sustainability in commercial and industrial HVAC and building automation is no longer a trend – it’s a necessity industry-wide. Facility and building managers are under increasing pressure to reduce energy consumption, minimize environmental impact, and optimize operational costs. While sophisticated control algorithms and advanced equipment play a significant role, the foundation of effective energy management lies in accurate measurement and monitoring.

Today, we’re going to explore how Kele’s SIP Series Natural Gas Flow Meters and CS/SCS Series Current Switches are indispensable tools, providing the critical data and operational support needed to achieve sustainability and energy management goals.

 

Understanding the Energy Landscape in HVAC & Building Automation

Commercial and industrial buildings consume a substantial amount of energy, with HVAC systems often being the largest contributor. Natural gas is a common fuel source for heating, boilers, and other processes within these facilities. Meanwhile, electricity powers motors, pumps, fans, chillers, and various control systems. Optimizing the consumption of both these energy sources is critical within the landscape of sustainability and energy efficiency.

 

Kele’s SIP Series Natural Gas Flow Meters: Precision Fuel Measurement for Efficiency

The SIP Series natural gas flow meters from Kele are designed for accurate and reliable measurement of natural gas consumption. On a technical level, these meters employ various principles to determine flow rate, often utilizing:

  • Thermal Mass Flow Measurement: This technology directly measures the mass flow rate of the gas by sensing the heat transfer to the flowing gas stream. A heated sensor and a reference sensor are exposed to the gas flow. The temperature difference between the sensors is directly proportional to the mass flow rate. This method is advantageous as it is largely independent of gas density, pressure, and temperature variations within reasonable operating ranges, providing a more accurate representation of the energy consumed.

*Provided by Sage Metering, Inc.

 

  • Ultrasonic Flow Measurement: Some SIP series meters utilize ultrasonic technology, transmitting ultrasonic pulses through the gas stream. The time difference between pulses traveling upstream and downstream is proportional to the gas velocity, which can then be used to calculate the volumetric or mass flow rate. This method offers minimal pressure drop and can handle a wide range of flow rates.

 

How SIP Series Meters Contribute to Energy Management & Sustainability:

  • Precise Fuel Consumption Monitoring: By accurately measuring the natural gas used by boilers, furnaces, and other gas-fired equipment, facility managers gain a clear understanding of fuel consumption patterns. This granular data allows for:
    • Baseline Establishment: Establishing a baseline of natural gas usage is the first step towards identifying areas for improvement.
    • Performance Evaluation: The efficiency of gas-fired equipment can be directly evaluated by comparing fuel consumption to output (e.g., BTU/hour per unit of heating).
    • Leak Detection: Unexpected increases in gas consumption can indicate leaks in the system, allowing for prompt repair and the prevention of energy waste and potential safety hazards.
  • Optimizing Combustion Efficiency: Data from SIP Series meters can be integrated with combustion control systems. By monitoring fuel input, these systems can adjust air-to-fuel ratios as needed, ensuring optimal combustion and minimizing wasted fuel. This not only reduces energy consumption but also lowers emissions of pollutants like NOx and CO.
  • Cost Allocation and Billing: For multi-tenant buildings or facilities with distinct operational units, accurate gas flow measurement enables fair and transparent allocation of energy costs. This promotes accountability and incentivizes energy conservation among different users.
  • Integration with Building Management Systems (BMS): The SIP Series meters often provide analog (e.g., 4-20mA) or digital (e.g., Modbus) outputs, allowing seamless integration with BMS or other data acquisition systems. This centralized data collection facilitates comprehensive energy monitoring, reporting, and analysis across the entire facility.
  • Verification of Energy Savings Initiatives: After implementing energy-saving measures related to gas-fired equipment (e.g., boiler upgrades, insulation improvements), SIP Series meters provide the data to verify the actual reduction in fuel consumption and the return on investment.

*In-Situ Calibration Verification—Loosen, Lift, and Look

 

 

Kele’s CS/SCS Series Current Switches: Monitoring Electrical Consumption for Optimization

Kele’s CS and SCS Series current switches are designed to monitor the electrical current flowing through conductors. These devices typically operate on the principle of detecting the magnetic field generated by the current.

  • Non-Intrusive Sensing: Many CS/SCS series switches utilize inductive current sensing, where the switch is placed around the conductor without requiring direct electrical connection. This simplifies installation and avoids disrupting the circuit.
  • Threshold Detection: These switches are often used to detect whether a motor, pump, or other electrical load is running or not. They can be configured to trigger an output (e.g., relay contact) when the current exceeds or falls below a predefined threshold.
  • Analog Output for Proportional Monitoring: Some advanced CS/SCS models offer analog outputs (e.g., 4-20mA) that are proportional to the measured current. This allows for continuous monitoring of electrical consumption.

 

How CS/SCS Series Current Switches Contribute to Energy Management & Sustainability

  • Monitoring Equipment Runtime & Load: By detecting the on/off status of motors, pumps, and fans, CS/SCS switches provide valuable insights into equipment runtime. This data can be used to:
    • Identify Inefficient Operation: Equipment running unnecessarily consumes energy. Monitoring runtime can highlight opportunities for optimizing schedules and implementing demand-based control.
    • Detect Equipment Issues: Abnormally high or low current draw can indicate malfunctions in equipment, such as motor inefficiencies, pump cavitation, or clogged filters. Addressing these issues quickly improves efficiency and prevents equipment failure.
  • Verifying Equipment Operation and Control Strategies: Current switches can be used to verify that control strategies are functioning as intended. For example, confirming that a pump is indeed shutting off when a certain temperature is reached.
  • Load Shedding and Demand Management: In facilities with peak demand charges, CS/SCS switches can be integrated into load-shedding systems. By monitoring the current draw of various loads, the system can selectively shed non-critical loads during peak periods to reduce overall energy consumption and costs.
  • Energy Consumption Profiling: When equipped with analog outputs, CS/SCS switches allow for the creation of detailed electrical consumption profiles for individual pieces of equipment or entire systems. This data is crucial for:
    • Pinpointing equipment with disproportionately high energy consumption.
    • Ensuring that motors and other equipment are appropriately sized for their loads. (Oversized equipment often operates inefficiently.)
  • Integration with BMS for Comprehensive Energy Monitoring: Similar to gas flow meters, CS/SCS switches can be integrated with BMS to provide a holistic view of energy consumption across the facility.

 

Combining SIP Series and CS/SCS Series

The true power of these Kele products lies in their combined application. By simultaneously monitoring both fuel (natural gas) and electricity consumption, facility and building managers gain a comprehensive understanding of the energy balance within their HVAC and building automation systems. This allows for:

  • Comparing the energy input (natural gas) to the energy output (heating/cooling) while also accounting for electrical consumption of auxiliary equipment (pumps, fans, etc.) provides a true reading of system efficiency.
  • In systems utilizing both gas and electricity, the data from these devices allows for fine-tuning the operation of different components to minimize overall energy costs, potentially shifting loads to the more cost-effective energy source at different times.
  • Reliable data from both gas and electricity metering enables the development of accurate EPIs, which are crucial for tracking progress towards sustainability goals and benchmarking against industry standards.

Kele’s SIP Series Natural Gas Flow Meters and CS/SCS Series Current Switches are more than just measurement devices; they are critical enablers of energy management and sustainability in commercial and industrial HVAC and building automation. By providing accurate and specific data on fuel and electricity consumption, these products empower engineers and facility managers to optimize system performance, reduce energy waste, lower operating costs, and minimize environmental impact. Investing in these technologies is a fundamental step towards building a more sustainable and efficient future for our built environment.

Looking to get started on integrating both products into your next job? Browse products below or call The Kele Team for help—Kele’s got you covered!

SIP Series Natural Gas Flow Meters

Shop Now

CS/SCS Series Current Switches

Shop Now

The Symbiotic Relationship: How the Internet of Things Supercharges Data Centers

Posted on by Kele Inc

Data centers, the backbone of our digital world, are facing an ever-increasing demand for processing power, storage, and connectivity. Simultaneously, the Internet of Things (IoT) is generating an explosion of data from billions of connected devices. This relationship creates a fascinating and crucial partnership where IoT technologies are not just consumers of data center resources but also powerful tools that help keep things operational.

 

IoT as a Data Center Workload Driver

At its core, IoT is a massive data generator. Sensors embedded in industrial equipment, smart building systems, automation systems, healthcare devices, and countless other applications constantly transmit data. From environmental factors to operational status, they’re recording, sending, and storing it all. This data, ranging from simple temperature readings to complex vibration analyses, needs to be taken in, processed, analyzed, and then stored—all tasks that fall squarely within a data center’s domain.

  • High-Volume Data Ingestion: Data from numerous IoT devices often arrives in streams, requiring robust and scalable pipelines to help funnel it all. Technologies like messaging queues and event hubs are crucial for handling this data highway throughput and ensuring that nothing gets lost.
  • Real-time Processing: Many IoT applications demand real-time insights. For example, anomaly detection in industrial machinery requires immediate processing of sensor data. This necessitates low-latency processing frameworks like stream processing engines and edge computing to handle some processing closer to the data source.
  • Massive Data Storage: The sheer volume of IoT data requires scalable and cost-effective storage solutions. Data lakes built on distributed file systems like Hadoop or object storage like Amazon S3 are commonly used to store this diverse and often unstructured data.
  • Advanced Analytics and Machine Learning: Extracting value(s) from IoT data requires sophisticated analytics. Machine learning algorithms are employed for tasks like predictive maintenance, anomaly detection, pattern recognition, and optimal operational parameters. This often involves leveraging frameworks like TensorFlow, PyTorch, and specialized analytics platforms within the data center.

 

IoT as a Data Center Optimization Tool

Beyond being a major workload, IoT technologies are also instrumental in making data centers more efficient, reliable, and secure. By deploying sensors, smart devices, and more within a data center’s infrastructure, operators can gain visibility and control at high levels.

  • Environmental Monitoring: IoT sensors are strategically placed throughout a data center to monitor critical environmental parameters like temperature, humidity, airflow, and power consumption at a granular level. This data allows for precise cooling adjustments, identification of hotspots, and optimization of airflow management, directly impacting energy efficiency.
    • Technical Implementation Tip: Temperature and humidity sensors often utilize thermistors, thermocouples, or capacitive sensing elements. Airflow sensors can employ anemometers or differential pressure transducers. This data is typically transmitted via protocols like Modbus, BACnet, or proprietary IoT protocols to a central monitoring system.
  • Power Management: Smart power strips, intelligent PDUs (Power Distribution Units), and circuit monitoring devices equipped with sensors provide real-time data on energy usage at the rack and even individual device level. This enables data center operators to identify energy hogs, optimize power distribution, and implement strategies like dynamic power capping.
    • Technical Implementation Tip: Current transformers (CT clamps) and voltage sensors are used to measure power consumption. This data is often communicated using protocols like SNMP or Modbus to a Building Management System (BMS) or Data Center Infrastructure Management (DCIM) platform.
  • Security and Access Control: IoT-enabled security cameras, smart locks, biometric scanners, and environmental sensors can enhance the physical security of a data center. Real-time monitoring and alerts can be triggered by unauthorized access, unusual environmental conditions, or security breaches.
    • Technical Implementation Tip: IP cameras utilize video encoding and network transmission protocols. Access control systems often employ RFID or NFC technology. Sensor data is integrated into security management systems for centralized monitoring and response.
  • Asset Tracking and Management: RFID tags and Bluetooth beacons attached to servers, storage devices, and other equipment allow for real-time tracking of their location within the data center. This simplifies inventory management, reduces the time needed for maintenance, and helps prevent theft.
    • Technical Implementation Tip: RFID readers emit radio waves to identify tags. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons periodically broadcast signals. Location data is processed by asset management software.
  • Predictive Maintenance for Infrastructure: Sensors can be deployed on critical data center equipment like cooling units (CRACs/CHILLERs), UPS systems, and generators to monitor parameters like vibration, temperature, and fluid levels. Analyzing this data using machine learning algorithms can predict potential failures, allowing for proactive maintenance and minimizing downtime.
    • Technical Implementation Tip: Vibration sensors often utilize piezoelectric accelerometers. Temperature sensors can be RTDs or thermocouples. Fluid level sensors can employ ultrasonic or capacitive sensing. Data is analyzed using specialized predictive maintenance platforms.

 

Challenges and Considerations with Data Centers

While the benefits of integrating IoT with data centers are significant, several challenges need to be addressed:

  • Data Security and Privacy: Handling vast amounts of sensitive data from both external IoT devices and internal data center infrastructure requires robust security measures, including encryption, access control, and threat detection.
  • Scalability and Management: Managing a variety of diverse IoT devices and the associated data streams can be complex. Efficient device management platforms and standardized communication protocols are crucial.
  • Interoperability: Ensuring seamless communication and data exchanges between different IoT devices and data center systems can be challenging due to varying protocols and data formats.
  • Network Infrastructure: The high bandwidth and low latency requirements of many IoT applications necessitate a robust and reliable network infrastructure within and around the data center.
  • Data Analytics Expertise: Extracting meaningful insights from IoT data requires specialized skills in data science and machine learning and domain expertise in data center operations.

 The relationship between IoT and data centers is a powerful and evolving one. IoT is not just a consumer of data center resources, driving demand for more capacity and processing power. It’s also a valuable tool for optimizing data center operations and enhancing efficiency, reliability, and security.

As IoT deployments continue to grow, this symbiotic relationship with data centers will only become more critical, shaping the future of both industries and the digital world we rely upon. By understanding the technical underpinnings and addressing the associated challenges, engineers and operators can leverage this synergy to build smarter, more sustainable, and more resilient data center infrastructure.

Looking to get started with your data center project? Check out our new data center offerings here and explore our brand-new interactive model. Let us help you do the heavy lifting on your next project—Kele’s got you covered!

 

How to Choose the Right Relay for Building Automation

Posted on by Kele Inc

*Contributed by Noah Smith, Functional Devices

 

Behind the scenes of the buildings where we live and work are systems quietly humming away. In large-scale or industrial applications, you want these systems to run on autopilot (like lighting, HVAC, and security). That’s where a building automation system (BAS) comes in.

A BAS streamlines the management of commercial buildings, including upgraded efficiency, better occupant comfort, lower energy costs, improved security, and more.

Functional Devices offers a range of building automation products, including relays designed for a range of applications.

Understanding the Role of Building Automation Relays

A relay is an electrically powered switch carrying, or relaying, electrical currents to other relays or components to switch them on or off. They can also amplify the strength of small electrical currents.

Many different systems work together in a BAS, meaning a lot of electricity needs safe management. Relays protect the electrical system, controlling and isolating low-voltage systems from high-voltage systems. With a relay, the twain shall never meet.

Not only do relays safeguard electrical components, but they also improve the reliability and longevity of a building’s systems, allow for a higher load capacity, and can be remotely operated.

Key Factors to Consider When Choosing a Relay

Although the idea of a “master switch” sounds simple enough, picking the right relay is more nuanced. Here are the top considerations to keep in mind when researching your options.

Load Requirements

Adaptability is the backbone of our success, allowing us to navigate challenges with agility and turn them into opportunities. Whether it’s responding to market shifts or adjusting to an increase in production, our team thrives in environments where change is constant. As one of our employees put it, “We don’t see obstacles as roadblocks; we see them as chances to innovate and improve.” This mindset has not only helped us grow but also ensured that we remain a leader in the ever-evolving building automation industry. An electric load is a device that consumes electrical energy to operate. The BAS’s load requirements, how much electricity it needs to run, and the types of loads will determine what kind of relay you choose.

There are three types of loads:

  • Resistive. The electrical current and voltage are in phase, meaning the current is constant from switch on to switch off (e.g., incandescent lights, heating elements).
  • Capacitive. The current and voltage are out of phase, with the current leading the voltage, meaning there’s a large inrush current at the switch-on (e.g., devices with a capacitor, such as computers and TVs, capacitive load banks, long transmission or cable lines).
  • Inductive. The current and voltage are out of phase, with the current lagging behind the voltage, meaning there’s a voltage spike at switch-off (e.g., electric motors, common household devices, transformers, solenoids, electromagnets).

For example, if you choose a relay only rated for resistive loads and try to use it for inductive loads, the voltage spike at sthe witch-off will likely damage or destroy the relay and any accompanying control devices.

If you’re working with capacitive or inductive loads, choosing an oversized relay is essential to manage the switch-on inrush current or switch-off voltage spike.

Contact Configuration

A relay contact is where the magic happens—electrically conductive pieces of metal touch to complete a circuit and allow the flow of electricity. Relays can have different contact forms suitable for different applications. The pole refers to the number of circuits the switch controls, and the throw refers to the number of positions that complete the circuit.

  • Single Pole Single Throw (SPST). Completes one circuit in one “on” position.
  • Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT). Completes one circuit in two “up” and “down” positions.
  • Double Pole Single Throw (DPST). Completes two circuits in one “on” position.
  • Double Pole Double Throw (DPDT). Completes two circuits in two “up” and “down” positions.

Relay contact types may also be designated with a NO (normally open) or NC (normally closed). Building automation tasks need specific configurations of contact forms; therefore, take note of the type.

Voltage

Common control voltages in building automation include 120 VAC (Volts Alternating Current), 24 VAC, and 24 VDC. The voltage rating of a relay must be equal to or greater than the voltage driving the load. For example, don’t use a relay rated as 12 VAC to operate a 24 VAC air conditioner.

Additionally, pay attention to the:

  • Rated coil voltage. Operating a relay as close to this number as possible is safest.
  •  Maximum switching voltage. The voltage going across the contacts shouldn’t surpass this number even if the relay is closed.

Switching Speed and Frequency

Components of your BAS will require varying switching speeds and frequencies, so your relay must accommodate these requirements. Some systems, like HVAC and electrical control panels, need to switch quickly. Others, like automated test equipment systems, must switch often. Still others, like medical equipment, do both. Some systems, like HVAC, lighting, and safety, also need slow or time-delay switching.

Choose the relay accordingly, like those constructed for specialized high-switching applications or with built-in time delays.

Environmental Conditions

Don’t forget to consider your industry and where you’ll be installing your relay. Temperature, humidity, corrosive substances, and ambient vibration can affect relay performance. Therefore, install relays in an appropriate location and protect it with an enclosure.

Speaking of location, installation space constraints will help you determine the mounting type and size of the relay. Don’t select a relay that won’t fit in your available space. Also, consider the heat a relay will give off and its surrounding area. A larger relay may give off more heat.

To ensure your relay is up to the task of contending with your building’s environment, check its Ingress Protection (IP) rating. This rating measures how effectively an enclosure protects electrical components from solids and liquids that could damage the equipment or create a safety issue.

IP ratings consist of two numbers: the first, between zero and six, indicates protection from solids (e.g., dust), and the second, from zero to nine, defines protection from moisture. Higher numbers indicate better protection. For example, IP69 offers the best protection from water, dust, or debris.

Building Automation Relays Innovated: RIB Relays

Relays make a BAS run more smoothly, safely, and efficiently. When researching, select the appropriate relay depending on the load requirements, contact configurations and voltages, switching speed and frequency, and environmental conditions.

Have questions or need help? No problem—Kele’s got you covered! Chat with us live on kele.com or call us today. Our technical experts are ready to answer your questions and offer solutions.

Shop all Functional Devices Relays and Contactors

The Kele Keystone: The Foundation of Your Success

Posted on by Kele Inc

At Kele, we believe that every great structure, system, and success story starts with a strong foundation. Just like a keystone holds an arch together, Kele plays a crucial role in supporting our customers by providing the essential products, expertise, and services that keep operations running smoothly. That’s why we’re proud to introduce The Kele Keystone, a commitment to being the backbone of your success in the commercial and industrial sectors by empowering you and delivering solutions.

What is the Kele Keystone?

The Kele Keystone is more than just a concept—it’s a promise. It represents our dedication to simplifying complex systems, delivering innovative solutions, and ensuring that our customers have what they need when they need it. Whether you’re managing a building automation system, overseeing HVAC controls, or streamlining industrial processes, Kele provides the products, support, and expertise that make your job easier and your business more efficient.

How Kele Supports Your Success

Kele doesn’t just supply products; we provide solutions that help businesses thrive. With over 3 million products from 300+ trusted suppliers, we make it easy to find exactly what you need, all in one place. Our industry-leading technical support team is here to ensure you get expert guidance at every stage, while our seamless ordering process and fast shipping mean you can count on Kele to keep your projects on track.

Why Choose Kele?

✔ One Source for Over 3 Million Products – Find everything you need in one place.
✔ Industry-Leading Technical Support – Expert advice to guide you every step of the way.
✔ Seamless Ordering & Fast Shipping – Get what you need when needed.
✔ Solutions That Streamline Your Operations – Reduce complexities and increase efficiency. 

Our People Are the Keystone

Just as Kele serves as the keystone for our customers, our employees are the keystone of our company’s success. Their dedication, expertise, and commitment to excellence are what drive us forward. That’s why we foster a culture of recognition, teamwork, and shared purpose—ensuring that every individual contribution plays a role in the bigger picture. 

See the Kele Keystone in Action

We invite you to see firsthand how The Kele Keystone is shaping the future of commercial and industrial solutions. Watch our latest video to discover how Kele is making an impact and helping businesses build smarter, stronger, and more efficient operations.

At Kele, we don’t just provide solutions—we build partnerships that empower success.

Mastering Leak & Gas Detection in HVAC & Building Automation

Posted on by Kele Inc

Leaks, often unseen and hard to detect, can have devastating consequences in buildings and facilities. From refrigerant leaks impacting HVAC efficiency and the environment to dangerous gas accumulations threatening occupant safety, working detection systems are critical.

Effective Leak Detection and Gas Sensing

Effective leak detection and gas sensing hinges on several interconnected factors.

Choosing the Right Sensor Technology

This isn’t a one-size-fits-all situation. Different sensor technologies cater to specific needs and environments. Understanding their strengths and weaknesses is crucial:

  • Electrochemical Sensors: Ideal for detecting specific gases like carbon monoxide (CO) or oxygen (O2). They offer good accuracy and selectivity but have a limited lifespan and can be affected by temperature and humidity.
  • Infrared (IR) Sensors: Highly sensitive for detecting hydrocarbon gases and refrigerants. However, it’s important to keep in mind that dust, humidity, and other environmental factors can impact their accuracy. They are often used for larger leaks due to their wider detection range.
  • Catalytic Bead Sensors: Suitable for detecting combustible gases. They are robust and reliable but require oxygen to operate and can be affected by poisoning from certain substances.
  • Ultrasonic Sensors: Detect leaks by listening for the high-frequency sound produced by escaping gas. They are less sensitive than other methods but are effective in noisy environments and can detect a wide range of gases.
  • Semiconductor Sensors: These sensors use metal oxides that change conductivity in the presence of target gases. They are versatile and can detect various gases, but their selectivity and stability can be a concern.

Tech Tip

Carefully consider the target gas, environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, dust), required sensitivity, and budget when selecting sensor technology. For example, if you’re detecting refrigerant leaks in a clean environment, an IR sensor might be suitable. For detecting combustible gases in a noisy industrial setting, an ultrasonic sensor might be a better choice.

Strategic Sensor Placement

Even the best sensor is ineffective if placed incorrectly. Strategic placement is key:

  • Gas Density: Consider whether the target gas is lighter or heavier than air. Lighter gases tend to rise, while heavier gases accumulate near the floor. Place sensors accordingly.
  • Potential Leak Sources: Identify potential leak points, such as pipe joints, valves, and equipment connections. Place sensors near these locations.
  • Airflow Patterns: Understand the airflow dynamics within the space. Place sensors in areas where airflow will carry the gas to the sensor. Work to avoid stagnant air pockets.
  • Environmental Factors: Be mindful of areas with extreme temperatures, high humidity, or excessive dust, as these can affect sensor performance.

Tech Tip

Consult manufacturer guidelines for recommended placement distances and configurations. Conduct site surveys to identify potential leak sources and airflow patterns. Consider using multiple sensors when applicable to provide comprehensive coverage.

Alarm Management

A detection system is only as good as its ability to alert personnel to a problem. Effective alarm management and alerting are crucial:

  • Integration with BAS: Seamless integration with BAS allows for centralized monitoring, alarm management, and data logging.
  • Alarm Thresholds: Set appropriate alarm thresholds to trigger alerts when gas concentrations reach dangerous levels.
  • Alarm Notification Methods: Implement multiple notification methods, such as visual alarms, audible alarms, email alerts, and SMS messages, to ensure that personnel are notified promptly.
  • Alarm Prioritization: Prioritize alarms based on the severity of the detected event. This allows for efficient response and prevents alarm fatigue.

Tech Tip

Configure the BAS to log all alarm events, including date, time, location, and gas concentration. Regularly test the alarm system to ensure it is functioning correctly.

Regular Calibration

Like any precision instrument, gas sensors require regular calibration to maintain accuracy and reliability:

  • Manufacturer Recommendations: Follow the manufacturer’s recommended calibration schedule along with industry standards from trusted sources like ASHRAE.
  • Calibration Gases: Use certified calibration gases to ensure accurate calibration.
  • Documentation: Maintain detailed records of all calibration activities, including date, time, and calibration results.
  • Calibration Frequency: Calibration frequency depends on the sensor type, application, and environmental conditions. Some sensors may require monthly calibration, while others may only need annual calibration.

Tech Tip

Implement a calibration management program to ensure that all sensors are calibrated on time. Use calibration software when able to automate the calibration process and generate calibration reports.

By focusing on these technical aspects, you can ensure that leak detection and gas sensing systems are installed, operational, and maintained effectively, creating safer and more efficient building environments. Partnering with a knowledgeable supplier like Kele, with our wide range of sensors and technical expertise, can further enhance these efforts. Visit kele.com or call today so we can help—Kele’s got you covered!

Check Out These Featured Products

Universal Calibration Kits

CO and NO2 Sensors

Ultrasonic Sensors

The Cornerstone of School Bidding Success: Accurate Project Scoping and Cost Estimation

Posted on by Kele Inc

School bidding season is almost upon us! And in the current competitive landscape, what single factor can separate winning bids from those that fall short? While relationships, product knowledge, and technical expertise play a role, the most crucial element is thorough and accurate project scoping and cost estimation.

Why Scope and Cost Reign Supreme

Imagine building a house without blueprints or a budget. Chaos. Disaster. End of the world, right? The same principle applies to bidding on school projects and jobs. A poorly defined scope and inaccurate cost estimation are recipes for disaster. Here’s a deeper look at why these two components are so vital:

  1. Accurate Scope: The Foundation of a Sound Bid

Project scoping involves meticulously defining all aspects of the project, including:

  • Specific Equipment: Identifying the precise HVAC and building automation equipment required, including models, sizes, and specifications.
  • Installation Details: Outlining the installation process, including labor hours, required tools, and potential challenges.
  • Timeline: Establishing a realistic project timeline with key milestones and completion dates.
  • Permitting and Inspections: Factoring in the necessary permits and inspections required by local authorities.

A well-defined scope ensures that everyone involved – from the bidding contractor to the school district – is on the same page. This clarity minimizes the risk of misunderstandings, order changes, and costly delays down the line.

  1. Cost Estimation: The Key to Profitability

Once the scope is defined, cost estimation becomes the next hurdle to be crossed. A comprehensive estimate should include:

  • Material Costs: The cost of all HVAC and BAS equipment, piping, wiring, and other necessary materials.
  • Labor Costs: The cost of labor for installation, including wages, benefits, and payroll taxes.
  • Permitting and Inspection Fees: The cost of obtaining necessary permits and inspections.
  • Overhead Costs: Indirect costs associated with running the business, such as rent, utilities, and insurance.

Underestimating costs can lead to financial losses while overestimating can make your bid uncompetitive. A delicate balance must be brokered (we know this is close to impossible for our industry, but one can dream).

The Bottom Line

In the competitive world of school bidding, thorough and accurate project scoping and cost estimation are the cornerstones of success. By investing the time and effort to define the scope and estimate costs, HVAC and building automation professionals can significantly increase their chances of winning bids, ensuring profitability, and building long-term relationships with school districts.

Click here or call today to get started compiling your BOM for your next school bid. Kele’s got you covered!

Revolutionizing Data Centers: The Power of Building Automation Systems

Posted on by Kele Inc

Contributed by Functional Devices (Sam Klennert)

In today’s digital world, data centers are the backbone of countless industries. From cloud services to artificial intelligence (AI), these centers power the modern economy by processing and storing enormous amounts of data. Given the importance of uptime, security, and operational efficiency, data center management is a critical task. This is where Building Automation Systems (BAS) come in. BAS can play a pivotal role in optimizing the operations of data centers, offering solutions to improve energy efficiency, cooling, security, and more. In this blog, we will explore how BAS can enhance data center operations, providing real-world examples and insights into future trends.

Understanding Building Automation Systems

Building Automation Systems (BAS) refer to the centralized control systems that automate and manage various building functions such as lighting, heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), security, and more. BAS typically consists of hardware components like sensors, relays, and controllers, along with software platforms that enable monitoring, management, and automation.

In general building management, BAS helps streamline operations by reducing manual intervention, enhancing sustainability, and optimizing energy consumption. In modern smart buildings, BAS is a key player in maintaining operational efficiency and sustainability, helping reduce energy consumption, extending the lifecycle of equipment, and enhancing building security. By automating systems that run 24/7, such as lighting, HVAC, and security, BAS also contributes to significant cost savings.

The Role of BAS in Data Centers

Data centers face unique challenges due to their high demands for power, cooling, and security. As data center operations become more complex, the need for automated, integrated solutions becomes critical. BAS offers several benefits by addressing key challenges such as:

  • Energy Management: Data centers are notorious for their high energy consumption. In fact, they account for up to 2% of global electricity usage. A BAS helps data centers reduce power consumption by automating energy management tasks, monitoring energy usage in real-time, and optimizing the performance of HVAC and lighting systems. By implementing “building automation for energy savings,” data centers can significantly reduce their carbon footprint while lowering operational costs.
  • Cooling Solutions: Cooling is another major challenge in data centers, as servers and other IT equipment generate large amounts of heat. A well-designed BAS can manage HVAC control systems for commercial buildings to maintain optimal temperature conditions. Through real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance, BAS ensures efficient cooling, preventing overheating and reducing the risk of equipment failure.
  • Security Systems: Data center security goes beyond cybersecurity; physical security is also a top priority. BAS can integrate advanced security systems in building automation to control access, monitor video surveillance, and trigger alarms when anomalies are detected. By incorporating AI in building automation systems, BAS can offer predictive analytics to identify potential threats before they occur.
  • Environmental Monitoring: Maintaining the right environmental conditions is critical for data centers. BAS utilizes IoT sensors in building management to track temperature, humidity, and air quality in real time. This continuous monitoring ensures the optimal operating environment for servers and other IT infrastructure, helping prevent costly downtime and maintaining service reliability.

Key Technologies in BAS for Data Center

Data centers benefit from the integration of various cutting-edge technologies that enhance the capabilities of BAS, making them more intelligent, responsive, and efficient.

  • IoT Sensors: IoT (Internet of Things) sensors play a crucial role in monitoring and controlling different environmental and operational parameters within a data center. These sensors provide real-time data on temperature, energy usage, airflow, and more, helping facility managers make informed decisions. IoT sensors in building management also enable proactive problem detection, reducing downtime and preventing operational issues.
  • AI and Machine Learning: Predictive maintenance in building automation is one of the most promising applications of AI and machine learning. In data centers, AI can predict when equipment such as HVAC systems or generators are likely to fail, enabling proactive maintenance before breakdowns occur. This minimizes downtime and extends the life of expensive equipment. Additionally, AI for data center optimization can fine-tune energy usage, cooling systems, and security protocols based on real-time analytics.
  • DCIM (Data Center Infrastructure Management): DCIM solutions are designed to integrate with BAS for a comprehensive view of a data center’s operations. Through the combination of BAS and DCIM, operators can gain insights into energy usage, cooling performance, and asset management, helping improve efficiency and reliability. DCIM with building automation system integration provides a single platform for managing everything from electrical systems to security measures.
  • Wireless Solutions: In recent years, wireless building automation solutions have gained popularity due to their flexibility and ease of installation. These systems allow for seamless upgrades and can be easily scaled to accommodate growing data centers. Wireless solutions also reduce the complexity of cabling and infrastructure costs, offering a more efficient and cost-effective way to implement BAS in data centers.

Case Study: DeepMind AI Reduces Google Data Centre Cooling Bill by 40%

Several data centers have already successfully implemented BAS, and are expanding the capabilities with AI a Machine Learning, showcasing the real-world benefits that come with automation and integration.

In a significant breakthrough, Google has leveraged DeepMind’s AI technology to optimize the cooling efficiency of its data centers. By integrating machine learning algorithms with IoT sensors into its BAS, Google achieved a remarkable 40% reduction in energy used for cooling. This translates to a 15% reduction in overall Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) overhead.

The AI system, trained on historical data from thousands of sensors, predicts future temperatures and power usage, allowing for real-time adjustments. This adaptive approach not only enhances energy efficiency but also maintains optimal operating conditions, setting a new standard for data center management.

Google’s initiative highlights the potential of AI to address complex challenges in energy consumption, paving the way for more sustainable and efficient data center operations

In this example, the combined use of AI and BAS has resulted in energy savings. The lessons learned emphasize the importance of implementing customized solutions based on the specific needs and challenges of each data center.

Future Trends in BAS for Data Centers

The world of building automation continues to evolve rapidly, driven by emerging technologies and trends. In the near future, we can expect to see several exciting developments in how BAS is applied to data centers:

  • Edge Computing: As data becomes more decentralized, edge computing will play an increasing role in data center design. Modular data center designs that leverage BAS will enable more efficient management of smaller, distributed data centers. BAS in edge computing environments can ensure that resources are efficiently allocated, helping reduce energy consumption and maintain system reliability.
  • AI and Machine Learning: As AI continues to advance, data centers will rely more heavily on AI for predictive analytics, optimization, and real-time decision-making. AI-driven data center automation tools will allow facilities to self-optimize, reducing energy consumption and preventing failures without human intervention.
  • Sustainability and Green Building Practices: Environmental concerns and sustainability will continue to shape the future of BAS in data centers. Innovations such as smart lighting control systems and advanced energy management tools will drive energy efficiency in smart buildings, helping data centers become more sustainable and cost-effective.

BAS: The Key to Smarter, More Efficient Data Centers

Integrating Building Automation Systems (BAS) into data centers offers a multitude of benefits, from reducing energy consumption to improving security and operational efficiency. As technology evolves and data centers become more complex, the role of BAS in streamlining operations and enhancing performance will only continue to grow. The future of data center management lies in embracing these advanced technologies and leveraging BAS to create smarter, more efficient, and secure facilities.

For data center operators looking to optimize their operations, now is the time to explore how BAS can transform their facilities. Whether it’s improving energy efficiency, reducing cooling costs, or enhancing security, BAS offers a comprehensive solution to the challenges facing modern data centers.

Exploring Terminal Units: Dwyer’s Solutions for Better Indoor Environments and Optimal Performance

Posted on by Kele Inc

Contributed by Dwyer

 

Picture this: you walk into an office building on a hot summer day. As the door closes behind you, you immediately feel the temperature change. It’s cool and refreshing, thanks to the terminal units working diligently behind the scenes. Terminal units, while often unseen and unheard, play a crucial role in maintaining a comfortable environment in various buildings, from offices to schools and hospitals. Let’s explore these components, the challenges they address, and how Dwyer’s range of products helps conquer these challenges.

 

What is a Terminal Unit?

Simply put, a terminal unit is a device that controls the flow of air within a building’s HVAC system.  Terminal units work in conjunction with air handling units to regulate the temperature, humidity, and air quality in individual rooms or zones, ensuring that occupants enjoy a comfortable and healthy indoor environment. Terminal units are typically installed at the end of ductwork and can be found in the form of fan-powered boxes, VAV (Variable Air Volume) boxes, or diffusers.

Challenges and Solutions

We’ve compiled a comprehensive list of some of the challenges commonly encountered by terminal units and HVAC systems, along with effective solutions to address them.

  1. Smoke Detection in Ducts
  • Problem: Smoke in ducts poses a severe fire hazard that often goes unnoticed. If smoke goes undetected, it can spread throughout the HVAC system and other parts of the building that could be occupied.
  • Solution: The SL-2000 quickly senses smoke and triggers an alarm, allowing for a swift response to potential fire threats.
  1. Water Leak Detection
  • Problem: Leaks in HVAC systems can cause extensive damage or when undetected can lead to mold growth resulting in and compromising indoor air quality.
  • Solution: The WD3 detects leaks promptly, enabling immediate action to mitigate damage and maintain a healthy indoor environment.
  1. Consistent Humidity & Temperature
  • Problem: Maintaining appropriate humidity levels in a building helps to optimize indoor air quality and omit the creation of an ideal environment for the spread of airborne infections. Having to install multiple devices to measure both humidity and temperature levels to maximize comfort and indoor air quality for occupants results in additional sensors installed in the space and increases time.  Fluctuating humidity and temperature levels can lead to discomfort and health issues among occupants.
  • Solution: The RHP and RHPLC ensure precise monitoring and control and can be equipped as a combination humidity and temperature transmitter of these parameters, creating a comfortable and healthy indoor environment for occupants while reducing installation time.
  1. Uneven Airflow Distribution
  • Problem: Inconsistent airflow can lead to hot and cold spots within a building, causing discomfort and energy inefficiencies.
  • Solution: The MAFS and PAFS Sensors precisely measure airflow, optimizing HVAC system performance and enhancing comfort.
  1. Accurate Temperature Monitoring
  • Problem: Inefficient temperature control can result in wasted energy and fluctuating comfort levels within different zones of a building.
  • Solution: The TE VAV Temperature Sensor provides accurate temperature data to VAV systems, allowing for precise temperature regulation in each zone, maximizing comfort, and minimizing energy consumption.
  1. Differential Pressure Monitoring
  • Problem: Clogged filters and airflow obstructions can impede HVAC system performance, leading to reduced indoor air quality and increased energy consumption.
  • Solution: The 616KD and MSXMagnesense® Transmitters monitor pressure differentials across filters, enabling timely filter replacements and ensuring optimal airflow and system efficiency.

By addressing these common issues with our range of high-quality products, Dwyer Instruments empowers building owners and managers to create environments that are safe, comfortable, and energy-efficient. Our solutions are designed to enhance the performance and reliability of terminal units, ultimately improving the overall quality of indoor spaces.

Wasn’t that a great read?! Check out some of the products mentioned above here and get solutions from Dwyer and Kele today!

SL-2000
Duct Smoke Detectors

Shop Now

RHP Temperature
& Humidity Transmitters

Shop Now

MSX Magnesense®
Differential Pressure Transmitters

Shop Now